Bioprocesso de metanização de resíduos orgânicos agroindustriais.

Abstract

The use of the methanisation anaerobic bioprocess of organic waste is growing in the world in recent years, especially in the European continent and in China. In Europe, recent policies to replace fossil fuels present in its energy matrix produced with increasing technology. Until recently, biogas production systems were not economically viable in Brazil. Only companies that were forced by environmental agencies to treat their liquid effluents built in their firms anaerobic reactors to produce biogas and lower energy costs and decrease final waste storage. In addition, the biogas produced from some landfills is being used for energy production. In this paper, we define the basic parameters of dry methanisation of organic waste from CEASA-CE. The experiments for the production of biogas from fruit, greenery and vegetable residues take place in biodegradability tests based of the organic charge, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the substrate and the amount of nutrients needed for optimal methane production. To obtain final parameters production of bioprocesses, were set two residues: the first one based on banana peel, in which preliminary results of biodegradability and nutrients; The second was selected mixture, a mix of fruit and vegetables that is more compatible with 20 tons of waste residues generated by the Companhia de Abastecimento do Ceará (CEASA-CE). The biodegradability test were performed using as an anaerobic microorganisms including the microbial pool needed to metabolize the substrates. Specific methanogenic activity testes using glucose as substrate and nutrient supplementation, showed the maximum production capacity of microorganisms used (0.089gCODCH4.(gSV.day)-1. And biodegradable with the CEASA-CE residual standard has arrived at 100% in 20 days in the absence of any macro and micronutrient supplementation. the Methane Production Potential of this residue was 0.042m3.(kgsubstrate)-1 and the methanogenic activity of 0.056gCODCH4.(gSV.day)-1. With these results, estimated at 20t of organic waste used by CEASA-CE, they are used for the production of approximately 840m3CH4.(day)-1 and generation of 7,560 kWh or 320 kW, which can generate a total revenue of R$ 60,000 per month.