Análise dos conteúdos de metabolismo energético em livros didáticos de biologia

Abstract

The textbook is an important tool in the teaching and learning process as it supports students and teachers. Often this instrument is a study guide for students and also in the planning of teacher classes becoming an important reference for teaching. Thus, the government created the National Textbook Plan in order to analyze the collections developed for basic education and consequently distribute them to schools, only in 2005 this plan was extended to high school, becoming known as the National Plan High School Textbook (PNLEM). This program is of great relevance to ensure that textbooks distributed in public elementary schools are of excellent quality and that students can develop all their skills. In the area of science education, it is extremely important that the didactic works establish an integration of the contents related to the daily aspects of the students. Thus, it is necessary to constantly evaluate textbooks, especially in the area of science, seeking to analyze whether the concepts presented meet the needs of students. In this context, the present study aimed to analyze the contents of energy metabolism in the textbooks of Biology of the 1st year of high school. This research is characterized as qualitative with documentary analysis, which used the content analysis method to work the results. Three collections obtained from the Biology Teaching Laboratory of the Federal University of Ceará were analyzed. Each work was analyzed based on four descriptors: text, illustrations, activities and aspects of daily life. The descriptors text, illustrations and activities had as evaluation criteria the adequacy to the level of education, the articulation between the contents and the diversity of models presented. The descriptor aspect of daily life had as evaluative criteria elements that characterized the daily approach of students in the chapter of textbooks. Each criterion could be quantified from 0 to 3. Zero means that the criterion was not present, 1 little present, 2 partially present, and 3 fully present. The analysis showed that the three collections have gaps regarding the presence of aspects of the students' daily life and also in the articulation of the contents. However, Connections with Biology was the book that best addressed the aspects of daily life, although with some shortcomings. In this sense it is notorious that the contents of energy metabolism end up becoming very complex and difficult for students to understand, since the way it is presented and worked in textbooks and consequently in schools favors a fragmentation of concepts and is not related to the lives of students.