Efeito anti-inflamatório sistêmico e imunomodulador de um extrato de Coccidioides posadasii em artrite experimental

Abstract

Bioactive Natural Peptides are substances found in diverse species and may alter the immune response against pathogens, being either protective or harmful to the host. There is a growing interest in using natural products for the modulation of inflammatory processes, some of them derived from non-pathogenic fungi. However, pathogenic fungi also have immunomodulatory components. Previous studies showed that extracts of nematodes modulate the immune response in experimental model. Following the same line of research, it was investigated the effect of a protein-rich extract from Coccidioides posadasii in model of zymosan-induced arthritis (ZYA). Rats and mice received 1 mg and 0.1 mg zymosan intra-articularly (i.a.), respectively. Test groups received C. posadasii extract either per os or intraperitoneally (i.p.) 30 min prior to zymosan i.a. Controls received saline. Hypernociception was measured using the articular incapacitation test and the von Frey electronic test. Cell influx, nitrite, and cytokines levels were assessed in joint exudates. The synovia was used for histopathology. Cartilage damage was assessed through determining glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content. Pretreatment with the C. posadasii extract, either i.p. or per os, significantly and dose-dependently inhibited both acute and chronic cell influx as well as hypernociception, with a mild reduction of GAG loss and significant amelioration of the chronic synovitis. Reduction and alkylation of the extract abrogated protector effects seen previously. Administration of the C. posadasii extract did not alter i.a. levels of NO, IL-1β, and TNF-α in rats subjected to ZYA, whereas intra-articularly levels of IL-10 were significantly reduced. Data reveal that a C. posadasii extract reduces iNOS expression that is associated to inhibition of synovial apoptosis and decrease of IL-10 levels released into zymosan-inflamed joints.These data show a systemic anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory role for the C. posadasii extract in ZYA. A preliminary approach, using electrophoresis, to characterize active components excluded the presence of carbohydrates while pointing to a protein or polypeptide present in extract as responsible for the biological activity. The protective effect of the C. posadasii extract is species-independent. Further characterization of the active components in this extract may unravel mechanistic effects relevant to understand the host response against fungal components. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effect of the extract illustrates the relevance of pursuing studies, since the oral activity may also be of relevance to the treatment of inflammatory diseases.