Modelos de negócios de geração distribuída com plantas fotovoltaicas

Abstract

The present paper deals with business models that seek to capture the ways in which distributed generation (DG) photovoltaic (PV) plants can achieve financial viability. DG, especially that of PV origin, has been expanding in the country in the last decade and appropriate business models make it possible to maximize the benefits of all the stakeholders involved. For a better understanding of the topic, during the course of this work a survey was made on FVDG in Brazil: a history of the legislation that governs it; updated definitions and their modalities; and an overview of FVDG in the country bringing data on installed capacity. Business models are covered in a separate chapter, which discusses their characteristics and how to define them within the scope of the PV generation. As international markets are more mature in the DG field than the domestic market, cases have been sought to investigate the particularities of certain PV business models exploited abroad and to evaluate their applicability in Brazil. A successful Brazilian case was also approached to delve into its characteristics, which can be replicated in other ventures. Finally, some considerations were made about the future of FVDG in the country: there was speculation about the deceleration in the growth of the installed capacity that the new regulations of ANEEL will bring, since the agency gives strong indications that will remove, among other things, exemption envelopes the tariffs due to the use of the network wire; and addressed the business models of collective ownership and their potential to lead more consumers to enjoy the benefits of solar energy. Also listed the barriers that this type of generation, which fits into the modalities shared generation and solar condos may face. Among these, it is possible to mention the impossibility of the sale of electric energy; the limitations of the Captive Market (in which DG necessarily falls within); and the need for the generating unit and the receiving unit of the electric energy credits are in the area of the same concessionaire. The most appropriate business models vary according to the situation of those involved, but regardless of what, a correct adoption of these can contribute to a greater diffusion of the technology of solar PV generation in the national territory.