Avaliação do padrão morfológico craniofacial de indivíduos do Nordeste Brasileiro portadores de apneia obstrutiva do sono

Abstract

The identification of craniofacial patterns associated with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) continues to arouse interest as anatomical measurements may differ among population groups. Objective: the objective of this study was to identify the craniofacial pattern and the main cephalometric characteristics of Ceará people with OSAS. Materials and Methods: Fifty Ceará volunteers with polysomnographic diagnosis of OSAS were screened and submitted to clinical, polysomnographic and cephalometric evaluation. The control group was composed by 25 adult individuals from Ceará with normal dental occlusion, without reports of signs and/or symptoms related to OSAS. Results Statistically significant differences were found between cephalometric quantities representative of the positioning of skeletal structures and pharyngeal soft tissue dimensions when the group of individuals with OSAS was compared to individuals in a control group, among these SNB (p = 0.012), ANB ( (p = 0.001), SN-PM (p = 0.043), SN (p = 0.001), N-ENA (p = 0.001), ENA- (P = 0.001), LPMo (p = 0.001), H-PM (0.001), H-C3 (p = 0.001), Jarabak's quotient (p = 0.008), EAPS , H-RGN (p = 0.001), FMA (p = 0.009). Only the cephalometric variables SNA (p=0.739) and EAP (p=0.268) showed up no significant differences. Conclusion: OSA individuals presented changes in skeletal anatomical structures (mainly in relation to an inferior positioning of the hyoid bone and mandibular retrusion) and in pharyngeal soft tissue dimensions (mainly increase in length and width of the soft palate, with decrease in the posterosuperior airway space).