Los géneros discursivos híbridos como herramienta para la adquisición de la habilidad lectora en P/LM y en E/LE

Abstract

Speech genres constitute an important tool for interaction, since it is through these social practices that language emerges and the process of acquisition of reading comprehension strengthens. The dynamic and mutable movement of language reflects the production and reception of speech genres, which, according to Bakthin (1953), can assume more fixed or more malleable structures depending on their communicative purposes. The interaction among individuals leads to transformations in the input to which learners are exposed to in order for them to reach a more lasting and effective incorporation of the language. When it comes to speech genres, these transformations might happen through different interventions, such as intergenres intertextuality or hybridization. In the present study, we aim at clarifying questions related to hybridization, a phenomenon through which a genre A takes the form of a genre B without losing its original communicative purpose. Based on the considerations of Clarke (1990), Devine (1990), López Alonso (2001) and Rosenshine (1980), related to the field of reading in a foreign language and also of Long (1996), about the interaction hypothesis, a research whose objective was to familiarize with the potentiality of hybrid speech genres as a tool for the acquisition of reading comprehension in Portuguese and Spanish was accomplished. The research was of exploratory nature, in which a corpus of four texts was selected. Two of them were authentic and the other two were adapted into Portuguese and Spanish. However, all of them were hybrid in order to comprehend how the reception of this input happened and which strategies were activated during the reading activity performed by third-semesterstudents from the Faculty of Language and Arts/Spanish of the Federal University of Ceará - Brazil. The strategies with relation to languages were analyzed through the data obtained from the analysis of a pre-reading questionnaire and two post-reading questionnaires. It was possible to conclude that hybrid genres compose a relevant tool whose main strategies are: the transference of mother-tongue strategies, the recognition of transparent and opaque words and through the context and the accomplishment of inferences.