Fatores desfavoráveis na adesão à terapia anti-retroviral e diagnóstico sorológico: revisão da literatura

Abstract

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is termed as continuous viral replication and depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes, leading to immunologic changes and infections by opportunistic pathogens. The therapy is complex because it causes intense adverse effects which can diminish an individual’s quality of life. The aim of the work is to verify the unfavorable factors in adherence to antiretroviral therapy and serological diagnosis, relating the CD4+ T cell count and viral load in patients on antiretroviral therapy. The study is based on a literature review which uses as databases: LILACS, SciELO and Pubmed with consulting Health Sciences Descriptors by Bireme: High active antiretroviral therapy; serodiagnosis of AIDS; Adherence to Medication. The inclusion criteria were: researches which related to the subject-matter written in English, Portuguese or Spanish in the form of articles, reviews, dissertations and theses published from 2010 to 2017. The search for the articles found 65 publications, but after the analysis of inclusion and exclusion criteria of the repeated ones, 16 articles were selected to the study. In summary, the unfavorable factors to antiretroviral therapy are associated with the complexities of the amount of substances used, drug combinations, occurrence of side effects that are uncomfortable to the patients’ quality of life. It is concluded that the intercurrences that regard the adherence therapy with disfavor are associated with the complexity of the amount of substances used, side effects and the absence of professional orientation.