Eficiência dos serviços de segurança pública no Brasil: uma análise por envoltória de dados

Abstract

As with other public services security must be guided by the constitutional principles, amongst which is efficiency. This study presents an assessment of Brazil’s public security services through data envelopment analysis, one of the most prominent non-parametric methods for efficiency and productivity measurement. All data was obtained from the most recent publication of the Anuário Brasileiro de Segurança Pública, containing information updated to 2016. Assuming the 27 brazilian states as the model’s decision-making units, the inputs were defined as the total security expenses and total police headcount for each state, and the output was defined as the ratio no. of citizens / no. of CVLI (homicides), interpreted as a “security rate”. The chosen model type for this analysis was the output-oriented BCC. The calculated scores showed 6 states on the efficient frontier: Santa Catarina, Piauí, Roraima, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul e Maranhão. 33,33% of the states showed low efficiency (< 70%), 25,93% showed moderate efficiency (70 – 90%) e 18,52% showed high efficiency (90 – 99,99%). The projections of the output citizens / homicides were designated as the targets for this indicator for each state, and finding the lambdas determined their respective benchmark units. Finally, it was estimated that slacks in the model represented a waste of R$ 7,73 billion in 2016. In a country marked by much controversy circa the waste of public resources, a scientific estimate of inefficiencies and resource reallocation possibilities is extremely pertinent.