Saúde autorreportada de adolescentes de Fortaleza, Ceará: análise de fatores individuais e socioambientais

Abstract

The present study aimed to analyze the individual and socioenvironmental factors associated with self-reported health of adolescents, in light of Dahlgren and Whitehead's model of social health determination. This model explains the relationship between the individual, the environment and the health-disease process, contributing to a better understanding of the inequities in relation to the risk factors and protection in which individuals may be exposed. Secondary cross-sectional study of the database "Strengthen Your Health", carried out in 2014, with students of both sexes, aged 11 to 17 years, enrolled in Full-Time Schools. The outcome variable was self-reported health and the independent variables followed the Dahlgren and Whitehead model, related to individual factors, lifestyle and social-environmental aspects. The information related to socio-environmental variables came from reports and digital platforms in the public domain. To analyze the data, we used the absolute and relative frequency distribution to describe the categorical variables, and the mean and standard deviation were used to describe the continuous variables. Multilevel logistic regression was used, with estimates of odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. The analysis were performed in the STATA software version 11.0. The final significance level was set at 5%. All the ethical recommendations of resolution 466/2012 were met. Of the 1182 adolescents, 51.5% were males, adolescents prevailing in the age group of the initial adolescence, from 11 to 14 years old. In the practice of physical activity, 53.1% were considered insufficiently active. The boys practiced more physical activity, but reported greater tobacco use. There was no statistically significant difference in nutritional status and alcohol use among adolescents. The prevalence of good self-reported health was 72.2% among adolescents, being influenced by individual factors gender and age, in relation to socio-environmental by the number of family health teams in the neighborhood and lifestyle by the weekly practice time of moderate and vigorous physical activity and body mass index. Positive self-reported health by adolescents was influenced by individual gender and age factors, in relation to socioenvironmental factors due to the incidence of dengue fever and number of family health teams in the neighborhood and lifestyle by the weekly time of practice of AFMV and BMI.