Utilização de materiais alternativos para a construção de pavimentos urbanos na região metropolitana de Fortaleza

Abstract

The shortage of natural raw materials in large urban centers encourages the study of alternative materials. With regard to the generation of waste from construction and demolition waste (CDW) the problem goes beyond the economic barriers and their irregular arrangement results in disturbances to the population in many different ways: proliferation of vectors, flooding, obstruction of roads, among others. Several researches we carried out abroad and in Brazil to show the possibility of reuse of waste in the pavement area. In Brazil, there are stretches of road running with the application of the RCD as an aggregate. The state of Ceará, in the Fortaleza Metropolitan Region (RMF), research’s focus, have two poor soils, a sandy and a clay, granulometric stabilized with RCD pure, at three different rates (40 %, 50% and 60% of recycled aggregate). The experimental program includes characterization tests, environmental tests and mechanical resistance. Allied to this, there is a perceived need to decrease the environmental impacts of paving works around the world. In the case of bituminous primer, the state of Ceará uses predominantly asphalt diluted medium-cure (CM-30) The diluted asphalt have its use questioned in several countries with rigid environmental legislation due to use of kerosene as diluent. This petroleum-derived compound causes untold environmental damages. Based on this assumption, the research proposes to replace the conventional solvent by biodiesel, resulting in a composition of asphalt diluted called CAP/BIO. It should be noted that biodiesel is a biofuel produced from vegetable oils, animal fats and waste oils, with a great versatility with regard to their production. This study evaluates the behavior of bituminous primer on specimens simulating bases consisting of granular soils and CDW, with the use CM-30 and CAP/BIO at three different rates (0.8 L/m²; 1.0 L/m², 1.2 L/m²). The experimental results showed that both the stabilization of the soil in RMF with CDW and the material tested (CAP/BIO) can be interesting alternative materials to be used, but only if the peculiarities and eccentricities of each material were respected.