Corredor gastronômico da Varjota em Fortaleza: dinâmicas urbanas e conflitos socioespaciais

Abstract

The objective of this research is to perform a critical analysis of the Gastronomic Corridor of Varjota (CGV), in Fortaleza, an urban area that has not yet been studied in the capital of Ceará. This territorial cut, consisting of about 90 blocks, including sections from four neighborhoods (Aldeota, Meireles, Varjota and Mucuripe), presents heterogeneous morphological, socioeconomic and spatial characteristics. The relevance of the research is based on the observation and documentation of urban practices and the role of social agents in the production, organization and transformation of urban space and spatial segregation in a part of the city in which there are dispute, real estate producers and owners of land; entrepreneurs of the gastronomic sector and goers of the CGV; buyers and residentsof luxury apartments and former residents of single-family units; and still the public power. In order to make feasible the analysis of the urban dynamics and the understanding of the socio-spatial transformations and conflicts resulting from them, it was essential to understand the formation and territorial organization of the studied area, starting from the process of expansion of the city of Fortaleza in the eastern direction, at the beginning of the 20th century, passing through the influence exerted by the transfer and later operation of the port in Mucuripe; the constitution of the land structure, from various parceling and informal dismemberment of lands; the initial occupation of the territory, by distinct social strata of the population; and the participation of the State as an agent of the production,transformation and organization of intra-urban space through urban planning legislation from the beginning of the 1960s until 2017. The methodology used was based on historical and theoretical approaches: for historical research, primary sources such as books,theses and dissertations were used in addition to articles, internet pages, documentary documents, cartographies and photographs; and to understand the processes of construction, territorial transformation and urban analysis, the theoretical approach was sought in Villaça (1998), Correia (1995) Barrios (1986) and Panerai (2006). Thus, it is expected that the dissertation may contribute, both to the historical documentation of the city and to the understanding of the processes of construction and transformation of the intra-urban space of Fortaleza, through the examination of this area, whose diversity is a reflection of the processes, disputes and social conflicts. At the end of the research, it is expected to understand the perspectives for the area of the CGV, against the violent real estate pressure due to the verticalization of that area.