Determinantes sociais de saúde e a autoeficácia materna na prevenção da diarreia infantil antes e após estratégia educativa

Abstract

Introduction: Diarrhea is one of the most common childhood diseases and it has an etiological, multicausal and multifactor profile that can involve the mother’s/caretaker’s social determinants of health. In that sense, educative technologies have been used as health promotion tools, in child diarrhea prevention and in the raise of the individuals’ self-efficacy. Objective: To associate the social determinants of health from mothers of children less than five years old with maternal self-efficacy in preventing child diarrhea before and after educative strategy with associated video and booklet. Methodology: It was a study with a quantitative approach, almost experimental, in a before and after manner, with a single group of 60 mothers/caretakers of children less than five years old, developed at a Primary Health Care Unit in Fortaleza-CE. As data collect instruments it were used a sociodemographic form and the Maternal Self-Efficacy Scale for Childhood Diarrhea Prevention, which intends to evaluate the level of maternal self-efficacy in preventing child diarrhea. After data collection, the educative strategy was executed, with the booklet reading “You are able to prevent diarrhea in your child!” and the video exhibition “Childhood diarrhea: you are able to prevent it!”, both individually, in a private room with the presence of the researcher. After that moment, it was given to the mothers/caretakers a folder containing the aforementioned scale for a follow up of the level of maternal self-efficacy for a month over phone. The data was organized and analyzed through the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 20.0). The study was approved by the Research and Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Ceara. Results and Discussion: When comparing the level of maternal selfefficacy in preventing child diarrhea before and after the educative strategy, it was found significant statistical association in the following social determinants: age between 15 and 29 years old (p<0,0001), marital status married (p<0,0001), schooling high school completed or not (p=0,001), home occupation (p<0,0001), family income at most 1 minimum wage (p=0,001), plastered house (p<0,0001), ceramic floor (p=0,002) and cement (p<0,0001), collected garbage (p<0,0001), water from public water network (p<0,0001), toilet with flush (p<0,0001), with access to the public wastewater network (p=0,002) or no access to it (p<0,0001), gets help to take care of the child (p<0,0001) and exclusive maternal breastfeeding (p=0,001) or not (p=0,001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that social determinants of health may influence maternal self-efficacy and the educative intervention booklet allied with the educative video was capable of raising maternal self-efficacy in preventing child diarrhea.