Estudo farmacológico e neuroquímico da fase aguda do processo convulsivo induzido por pilocarpina em áreas cerebrais de ratos adultos

Abstract

The present study was aimed at investigating behavioural and neurochemical alterations in brain areas of adults rat (2-month-old) which presented seizures and status epilepticus (SE) after treatment with a single dose of pilocarpine (400mg/kg, s.c., P400) in order to clarify the mechanisms of the acute phase in the convulsive process (1 and 24h). Behavioural studies have demonstrated that the P400 administration produced peripheral cholinergic signs and stereotyped movements in all of the animals in both periods of observation. The behavioural parameters assessed between 1 and 24 h were similar, but the seizure and SE development index was slightly lower in the 1h group and in the same group no case of fatality was observed. The pharmacological studies with antagonist cholinergic did not present any of the behavioural alterations. The drugs gabaergic, the antagonist dopaminergic D1, antipsychotic used and glutamatergic antagonist presented increased in the latency to first seizure (LS), latency of the SE (LSE) and decreasing the number of the death. The antagonists dopaminergic D2, the opioide, the antidepressants, and the dopaminergic agonist decreased the LS and a LSE and increased the number of the death. The lithium increased the effects of the pilocapine as well as the number of the death and decreased the LS and LSE. Neurochemical assessments revealed that acetylcholinesterase activity in hippocampus, frontal cortex and striatum decreased significantly only the first hour of the acute phase, meanwhile after 24h, the enzymatic activity remained unaltered. Lipid peroxidation level and nitrite e nitrate content were augmented whereas the GSH concentration was decreased in the areas investigated in both periods of observation. The SOD activity was increased during the first hour in the three areas. In turn, in the 24h period it was augmented in the frontal cortex alone. The catalase activity was significantly increased in both periods and in all areas. Works concerning maximum density (Bmax) of muscarinc cholinergic (M1 e M2) and dopaminergic (D1 e D2) receptors in the areas studied during 1h and 24h of observation were decreased and unaltered, respectively. Regarding the serotonergic receptors (5-HT2) was not verified alteration in the Bmax after 1 and 24h of observation in the three areas studied. In the areas studied the Bmax from glutamatergic and GABAergic receptors were increased and decreased, respectively. P400 altered the M1, M2, D1, D2, 5-HT2, GABAergic e glutamatergic receptors dissociation constant values (Kd) in distinct ways after 1 e 24h from the treatment. In the monoamine and their metabolites with HPLC determination P400 changes the DA, DOPAC and HVA as well as NA and 5-HT and its metabolite 5-HIIAA concentrations in the different cerebral areas after 1 and 24h of observation. In the experimental determinations of the amino acids contents, the P400 altered the content of (glutamate) GLU striatal, (glutamine) GLN hippocampal and the (aspartate) ASP cortical and no modified the concentration od tyrosine in the areas observed. However the TYR contents after 24 h of observation increas in striatum, hippocampus and frontal cortex, but GLU, GLN e ASP reamained unaltered in this period of the observation .