Análise epidemiológica da sífilis congênita no Ceará em uma década – 2007 a 2016

Abstract

Congenital syphilis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum which is one of the main causes of teratogenicity. Due to its high infectivity and pathogenicity, it is a serious public health problem and studies are needed to show the impact and consequences of this disease in the population. Therefore, the study aims to describe the clinical-epidemiological patterns of congenital syphilis in Ceara, from 2007 to 2016. This is an epidemiological crosssectional and ecological study developed between July and November 2018 at the Health Information and Analysis Center of the Health Secretariat of Ceará, in Fortaleza-CE. The study population consisted of 9,605 cases of congenital syphilis reported in the National System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) in Ceará. Data collection was performed in August and September of 2018, based on the state database available at NUIAS of SESA-CE. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UFC, according to protocolo 2.812.298. From the obtained data it was verified that between 2007 and 2016 were reported 9,605 cases of Congenital Syphilis in the State of Ceará.. Of these, 710 cases were discarded, 273 had no final diagnosis of the case, and 8,622 cases of SC were confirmed. Of the confirmed cases of SC, 7,583 (87.9%) were cases of recent SC, 11 (0.1%) cases of late SC, 629 (7.3%) cases of stillbirths with syphilis and 399 (4.6%) of syphilis abortions. Of note is the progressive increase in the reported cases of SC during these ten years. Regarding the characterization of the mothers of the children affected by SC, it was verified that maternal age ranged from 12 to 47 years, the predominant age group being between 20 and 29 years (53.3%), the race / color was the with 84.2% of the cases and the schooling was from the 5th to the 8th grade incomplete (34.8%). It is noteworthy that, 7,453 (77.6%) of these pregnant women underwent prenatal care, 4,593 (47.8%) of pregnant women were diagnosed with syphilis during prenatal care. Only 1,210 (12.6%) of the pregnant women diagnosed with syphilis underwent treatment and only 1,837 (19.1%) of the partners underwent concomitant treatment. Even though it is a preventable disease, it is still very present today, showing that there are still several barriers that prevent prevention strategies are not well implemented, barriers that should be well delimited for the elaboration of health strategies a plan with the objective to control the incidence of this disease.