Intervenções não farmacológicas de enfermagem para controle dos sintomas gastrointestinais decorrentes da quimioterapia antineoplásica

Abstract

Cancer is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality, being a public health problem. Chemotherapy, one of the forms of treatment used for this disease, causes side effects that decrease the quality of life. Among them are nausea, vomiting, constipation and diarrhea. The timely management of these symptoms is extremely important, with nursing being monitored and minimized through effective interventions. Non-pharmacological interventions minimize side effects and are preferred by patients. The objective of this study was to identify evidence on effective nursing interventions to control the gastrointestinal side effects of antineoplastic chemotherapy. Integrative review of articles published in the last 5 years in Portuguese, English or Spanish, available in full in the databases SCIELO, LILACS, CINAHL, BDENF, PUBMED and COCHRANE. The descriptors "Cancer", "Chemotherapy", "Nausea", "Vomiting", "Diarrhea", "Intestinal constipation", "Nursing care", "Side effects and adverse reactions related to medicines" and "Oncology nursing" , being selected and analyzed 09 articles. The studies had a good level of scientific evidence, most of which were classified as 1B, good methodological quality of clinical trials, most of which were found in the CINAHL database from Eastern countries, such as China, Turkey, Iran, Hong Kong and Korea. The main intervention used was based on the principles of traditional Chinese medicine, including acupuncture and acupressure techniques, followed by relaxation techniques, health education and telephone intervention. There was a reduction in the incidence, frequency and severity of nausea, vomiting, constipation and diarrhea in most of the interventions used. The studies, for the most part, have confirmed the effectiveness of the interventions used and the applicability in nursing practice.