Pevalência de lesões cervicais por papilomavírus humano em mulheres atendidas em um serviço de ginecologia

Abstract

Cervical cancer is responsible for the death of approximately 270,000 women per year in the world. The main risk factor for the neoplasm development is Human Papillomavirus infection.Early detection of precursors and correctives by Pap smeartestis the most efficientmeans of prevention.The objective of this research was to analyze the prevalence of HPV cervical lesions in a public gynecological service of Fortaleza in 2017. This is a cross-sectional quantitative study carried out atLígia Barros Costa Natural Childbirth Center, a health unit linked to the Extension Pro-Rectory of the Federal University of Ceará (UFC).Data collection was realized in April and May 2018, and the final sample was composed of medical records of 654 women who were treatedin the gynecology service in 2017.The inclusion criterion was to have at least one gynecological consultation at the institution, excluding the medical records with insufficient information to analyze the study. The data were organized and tabulated in Microsoft Excel 2007®, andthe information analyzed inStatistical Package for Social Sciences for Personal Computerversion 20.0.Variables related to sociodemographic and gynecological-obstetric profile of the patients were described and quantified in the results, besidesthe characterization of microbiological profile and identificationof prevalent cervical lesions.It was concluded that the majority of the study population presentedbetween 25 and 64 yearsold(75,84%), are married(37%), high school completed(33,2%), referred as housewife(17,28%). Regarding the history, the highest percentage was of women who reported menarche at age greater than 10 years(94,65%), deny Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI)(72,78%), with an obstetric history of less than five pregnancies(60,4%), less than four childbirth(55,81%)andfewer than three abortions (22,48%). The most prevalent pathogenic microorganisms werefound: Gardnerella/Mobilucus(18,5%).The cellular atypias found in the most prevalent cytopathological reports wereCCUprecursor lesions, with 4,28% of total women evaluated. The most frequent types were: ASC-US(2,29%), LSIL(0,92%), ASC-H(0,46%)and HSIL(0,31%). It is necessary the development of even more researches in this area due to the relevance and influenceof the problem in public health, thus contributing to the training of the health professional, especially the nurse, regarding the prevention and treatment of the disease cervical cancer.