Identificação de ambiente propício à hibridação da soja no Ceará

Abstract

Brazil is the second largest producer of soybeans in the world and currently, this crop is cultivated in all regions of the country. The Northeast region is in third place in the raking of production and the state of Ceara can be seen as a potential producer within this region. However, it is necessary to obtain cultivars adapted via genetic improvements and to initiate this process, hybridizations must be promoted. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify a favorable environment for the practice of hybridization in soybean in the state of Ceara. For this, five tests (environments) were installed in different field conditions, with three soybean cultivars. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. The environments analyzed were this: full sun in Fortaleza-CE; vegetation house with 30% screen in Fortaleza – CE; vegetation house with 50% screen in Fortaleza – CE; vegetation house with 70% screen in Fortaleza – CE and full sun in Pacoti – CE. Were realize analysis related with plant physiology, considering the main physiological parameters and related with crop yield, considering the main agronomic traits for the crop. The physiological parameters were analyzed with the help of the IRGA device in the phases of pre-flowering and pre-filling. The agronomic characters were analyzed after the maturation of the plants. The environment located in Pacoti – CE, in full sun was the most favorable for soybean based on physiological parameters. While, in relation with agronomic traits, the vegetation house with 30% screen presented better results. However, when analyzing the set of variables, the environment with 30% screen is the one that presents better conditions in general for both the physiological parameters and the agronomic characters. But, further studies should be conducted by adding other attributes, such as floral volume, crosses glue rate and abortion rate, among others, which will allow to conclude with more consistency about the best condition for the hybridization practice in soybean in Ceara.