Vilegiatura e urbanização em cidades serranas do nordeste brasileiro

Abstract

In the reading of maritime villeggiature as an inducer of the urbanization process to cause a coastal metropolization and still associated with the relationship between medium cities and coastal areas, this research seeks to exploit plots of the nonmetropolitan space. We seek to contribute with the studies on the villeggiature in northeastern mountain cities, specifically in the mountain cities of the Brazilian northeast region, which possesses an intense relation with the metropolises of Recife, Fortaleza and Natal and the respective mountain cities of Gravatá-PE, Guaramiranga-CE and Lagoa Nova-RN. The practice of contemporary villeggiature is essentially urban, although is exercised in rural areas, there is a tendency to accelerate the process of urbanization of these areas and it encourages us to trace the following objectives: Analyze the villeggiature as a leisure practice in mountain cities of the countryside of the Brazilian Northeast; Identify the relations of the mountain villegiature and the urbanization process of the cities of Gravatá-PE, Guaramiranga-CE and Lagoa Nova - RN; Discuss the historical-geographical reality of the three mountain cities studied; Analyze the speeches and the public policies for the infrastructure and the planning for the villeggiature in the mountain cities studied; Understand the reasons and relationships that motivate the choice of those cities due to the construction / acquisition of second homes; Verify the origin of the second home users and their socioeconomic profiles; And finally, as main goal, map the spatialization of the phenomenon by means of representations, cartograms and information referring to the second homes in the area studied. The theoretical discussion of the processes broadens the understanding of the thematic approach in a way that encompasses the phenomenon and its nuances. There is a discussion of both the urban network and the real estate, linked to the sociocultural aspect that leisure practices involve. As a source of secondary data, websites of various state agencies were consulted - such as IBGE, IPECE, SETUR-CE etc. Field visits and institutional technical visits were carried out both in public bodies, especially in the city halls, and in private organizations, such as real estate agencies, hotels and condominiums. The direct observation, the questionnaire and the semi-structured interviews were the research techniques used to collect the data. In general terms, the discussion showed that the gradual occupation of the mountain lands by secondary residences and second homes condominiums for the practice of villeggiature represented the formation of true fortified enclaves generating contrasts in the landscape of the mountainous cities while this is linked to an urban condition that manifests itself more and more associated with the real estate investments.