Tecnologias educativas combinadas para promover a autoeficácia materna em prevenir a diarreia infantil

Abstract

Childhood diarrhea has a multifactorial characteristic involving the socioeconomic, sanitary and behavioral conditions of the families. Thus, it is necessary for the nurse to develop health education strategies based on maternal self-efficacy, in order to contribute to mothers being able to adopt healthier behaviors, incorporating appropriate practices in the care given to their children. Thus, the study aimed to: characterize the sociodemographic and health profile of mothers of children under five years of age; to verify the association between maternal self-efficacy levels to prevent diarrhea in children with sociodemographic and health variables and to compare the levels of maternal self-efficacy of mothers of children under five before and after educational strategy with primer and motivational interview. This was an almost experimental, before-after, single-group study of 61 mothers and / or caregivers of children under five years of age, followed up at a Primary Health Care Unit (UAPS) in Fortaleza- EC. Data collection took place in three stages in the UAPS itself. The first step was an interview with the mothers using the EAPDI, which aims to measure the mothers' self-efficacy in their ability to prevent infant diarrhea, and a form that addressed sociodemographic and health aspects of the study mothers. The second stage was characterized by the implementation of the educational intervention through the application of the educational primer that addresses the domains of the EAPDI scale (family hygiene and feeding / general practices) and brief motivational interview. The third stage occurred shortly after the educational intervention and consisted in the investigation of maternal self-efficacy through the application of EAPDI. The data were organized and analyzed through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences -SPSS (version 20.0). The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Ceará (UFC). According to the results, there was a predominance of mothers aged 20-29 years (N = 33, 54.1%), with education up to the 2nd full grade (N = 36, 59.0%), (N = 46, 75.4%), who only had household activities (N = 40, 65.6%), with income of up to one minimum wage (N = 27, 45.0% (N = 47, 79.7%), who had a house with plaster (N = 57, 93.4%), with a ceramic floor (N = 37, 60.7% (N = 42, 68.9%) had soap near the taps (N = 52, 88.1%) and had a sewage network (N = 36, 59.0%). There was an increase in the EAPDI scores after the educational strategy, with a statistically significant association with all socio-demographic and health variables analyzed (p <0.05). It was concluded that the educational intervention with educational booklet allied to the brief motivational interview was able to increase maternal self-efficacy in preventing infant diarrhea.