Alterações neurocomportamentais e padrão postural de recém-nascidos expostos às drogas ilícitas durante o período gestacional

Abstract

Drug use is a serious public health problem in Brazil, the second largest consumer of cocaine and its derivatives (2.8 million people), and the Northeast has the highest prevalence, involving both sexes. Exposed women reflect an even greater problem because, all are potentially pregnant affecting fetus and neonate. The neonatal neurobehavioral assessment scales were developed based on the concern in the development of children who suffered aggression in the gestational period or prematurity. Objective: To characterize the neurobehavioral alterations and the postural pattern of newborns exposed to illicit drugs during the gestational period and the profile of drug use during the gestational period. Methodology: A cross-sectional, prospective, descriptive study with puerperae and their newborns exposed to drugs during pregnancy. The medical record and the REMDA follow-up form were used to obtain primary data. At the time of collection, the program received 190 puerperas and extracted 79 binomials. Subsequently, 43 RNs were selected between 36 and 40 weeks of gestational age for a neurobehavioral evaluation of Dubowitz among 44. One was withdrawn due to intercurrence. The data were entered in the SPSS® program, 23.0, described in frequency and presented in the form of tables. Results: Out of 79, 58 pregnant women were dependent on crack. 55% (n = 44) were newborns at term, 96% had Apgar score> 7 in the 5th minute. 2.5% required antenatal corticosteroid and exogenous surfactant. There was a reduction of 88.6% in the second and 68.4% in the third quarter of drug use. The mean birth weight was 2.590 g, mean height of 45.5 cm. Among 35 preterm infants at birth, 14 were borderline, 20 moderate and 1 extreme. For the neurobehavioral evaluation, term newborns without intercurrences (n = 43) were selected. 48% presented pathological posture. There were more significant changes in the movement in quantity (51.2%) and quality (48.8%) and motor incoordination. Conclusions: Crack is the drug most consumed, although there is a polygrogation. There was a reduction in consumption during pregnancy. In the neurobehavioral evaluation, the postural pattern of the newborns in continuous extension of the limbs and trunk draws attention.