Desenvolvimento de tijolos ecológicos com cinzas volantes

Abstract

Mineral coal has been used as a source of electricity through thermoelectric plants, generating fly ash. The intensification of the use of coal tends to increase the problem of storage and environmental management of these fly ash. Many studies around the world have suggested several applications for these residues because they have a chem ical composition similar to pozzolanic, ceramic and cementitious materials. With that the greater search is to find uses of these residues as materials for civil construction. The increase in the production of traditional ceramic bricks with their high man ufacturing pollution due to the increasing price of fossil fuels has encouraged the search for alternative materials for the construction of masonry. The objective of this work is the development of ecological bricks made of mixtures of fly ash with agglom erates and mineral aggregates, seeking better results in relation to other works, with optimized mechanical properties, with axial compressive strength being the main. Mixture configurations with traces of ash from 50% and the remainder of the trace divide d between lime, sand and cement were tried in order to guarantee a standardized construction of the bricks, lowering production costs through mechanical presses and mainly reducing environmental impacts. The rupture tests were processed with test specimens until a satisfactory percentage of raw materials were found to optimize mechanical strength. After all the optimization attempts, a trait was defined in which its composition was fractioned in the process of mixing and curing in 70% of ashes and 10% for e ach of the other added building materials, a trait that generated a considerable level of resistance and high compared to the results of other surveys. Peak values and mean values of the traces well above were obtained in comparison with other studies, optimizing and homologating the trace for the brick making, which were produced obtaining excellent visual and structural characteristics. Afterwards, this composition was characterized chemically - mineralogically through diffraction and x - ray fluorescence analyzes, which resulted in the certification of a positive and promising scenario of general use in the civil construction of these so - called ecological bricks, bringing a cost/benefit ratio and technical/financial feasibility for a production in larger scales, directing mainly the development for people of low income.