Efeitos do mix de óleos ômega 9, 6 e 3 de baixa relação ômega-6 / ômega-3 e elevada relação ômega-9 / ômega-6 sobre a inflamação e o estresse oxidativo após exodontia em ratos

Abstract

Unsaturated fatty acids omega-3 and omega-9 have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, while the omega-6 has pro-inflammatory action. The aim of this study was to evaluate both action and mecanism of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory oils in the mix with high nutraceutical ratio of omega-9: omega-6, antioxidant properties, and low ratio omega-6: omega-3, anti-inflammatory properties after tooth extraction in rats. One hundred twenty-eight young Wistar rats approximately 45 days of age with 270-310g were randomly divided into four groups: Group Sham, Saline Group, Isolipid Group, and Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Group. The animals received 0.9% NaCl, Sham Group and Saline Group, or Isolipid Mix (alpha-linolenic acid - ALA) mixture containing omega-6: omega-3 oils (ratio 8:01) and omega-9: omega-6 (ratio 0.4:1), Isolipid group, or Mix Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant (alpha-linolenic acid - ALA, docosahexaenoic acid - DHA, eicosapentaenoic acid - EPA) omega-6: omega-3 (ratio 1.4: 1) and omega-9: omega -6 (3.4:1 ratio), Mix Test Group. All groups received by gavage 1,2g solutions for kg/day four days before the extraction of the left mandibular first molar and continued until the day of sacrifice. The animals were sacrificed three days (inflammatory phase), seven days (proliferative phase), fourteen days (end of proliferative phase) and 21 days (repair phase) after surgery. The perialveolar mucosa, the dental alveolus, and blood plasm were collected itself for laboratory analysis: myeloperoxidase, osteoclast count, expression of IL-1β, NFκB, iNOS, BMP-2 and glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mix induced a significant decrease compared to the saline group and the isolipidic group in myeloperoxidase expression, osteoclast count, GSH and TBARS tissue and plasma concentrations, and IL-1β expression on the seventh postoperative day, and induced a decrease on NFκB expression, on iNOS expression, on BMP-2 expression on the third and seventh postoperative days. The Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Mix demonstrated a reduction of the inflammatory and oxidant response after exodontia in rats in the inflammatory and proliferative phase. Keywords: Oral Surgery. Inflammation. Oxidative Stress. Fatty Acids. Metabolism.