Cosmologia de branas

Abstract

This work performed initially a general approach to cosmology, focusing on the description and usage of the fundamental cosmology equations aiming to generate models using the metric proposed by Friedmann, Robertson and Walker, generally called FRW metric. It also clarified the limitations of the Big Bang model in order to motivate the presentation of other cosmological models, some brand new, which intend to implement them. Alternative cosmological models presented in this work were: the inflationary model, the ekpyrotic model and the cyclic model with ekypirotic phase. Recent observation data provided by the Planck satellite in 2013 and its impact on the most current cosmological models were also presented. Finally, it explained the first steps needed to work with branes cosmological models. It also proposed some perspectives of works using those models to explain problems such as the hierarchy problem and issues as well as the singularity of the Big Bang.