Determinação da composição química e valores energia metabolizável da torta de girassol e seu uso na alimentação de codornas de corte

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the nutritional and energetic composition of the sunflower cake (SC) and evaluate the effects of its inclusion in the diet of meat-type quails, as well as its association with an enzymatic complex (EC). To determine the metabolizable energy, a metabolism test was conducted using the traditional method, total excreta collection, with 144 21-days-old quails distributed in a completely randomized design (CRD) in three treatments and six replicates of eight birds. Treatments consisted of one reference ration and two rations test which the SC replaced reference ration by 20% and 40%. It was observed that the nutritional composition of SC is within the range already reported in the literature and the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) determined with a substitution of 20% (2,629 kcal/kg of dry matter) was higher than that determined with 40%, which is the recommended value for feed formulations.Two performance experiments were performed with quails in the period from 7 to 42 days old. In each one, 432 birds were distributed in CDR, with six treatments and six replicates of 12 birds. In the first one, treatments consisted of inclusion of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% of SC. There was a linear reduction in the dry matter metabolism coefficient (DMMC) and crude energy one (CEMC) of the ration with SC increase and, compared to the control group, the inclusion above 10% resulted in lower values of DMMC and CEMC, while , the inclusion of 20% and 25% reduced the AMEn value. For the weight gain, feed conversion, feed cost per live weight gain, economic efficiency index (EEI) and cost index (CI), there was a quadratic effect, estimating better values for these variables in rations with SC levels of 15.5%, 14%, 15.48%, 15.4% and 15.4%, respectively. The weight of the gizzard increased linearly with increased SC inclusion and bone quality was not influenced by the inclusion of SC. Up to 25% can be included in the quail feed, between 7 and 42 days old, with no impairment in performance. However, the best feed conversion and economical viability occured with the inclusion of 15% SC. In the second, a 2x3 factorial scheme was used, with two SC levels (10% and 20%) and three rations formulations (normal - calculated to meet the nutritional requirements of the birds; reduced - nutritional and energy matrix reduction considering the contribution of enzymes and reduced with addition of EC). There was no interaction between SC levels and rations formulations. The inclusion of 10% of SC promoted higher DMMC, CEME and AMEn and lower weight of gizzard. The best metabolism coefficient of nitrogen and AMEn was obtained in normal and reduced rations with EC, and better breast yield in birds fed with reduced ration with EC . Reduced rations with or without EC showed better EEI and CI. It is concluded that the use of an enzymatic complex composed of carbohydrases, proteases and phytase, allows better metabolization of nitrogen and energy of the ration containing sunflower cake and that it is feasible to include up to 20% of the SC in the diet without the addition of enzymes