Obtenção de bioquerosene a partir de resíduos dos óleos de babaçu e coco via catálise heterogênea

Abstract

The air transport sector has the world's fastest growing, accounting for about 2% of the CO2 emissions in the atmosphere. International Air Transport Association (IATA) has set to reduce 50% of the gas emissions compared to 2005. The use of biofuel in the industry could be a solution. The aim of this work was obtain biokerosene by heterogeneous catalysis. Were used free fatty acids (FFA) constituted chemically by 6 to 16 carbon atoms distilled from the residual oils of babassu and coconut as feedstock. the bioproducts was evaluated to kwow if the biokerosene can be a aviation fuel substitute, as well as contribute scientifically with the literature reports. The first step of this researc was the obtation of fatty acids (top phase) by a vacuum fractional distillation. The results obtained by physicochemical characterization for the top phase of the babassu and coconut residual oil, as viscosity at 40 °C (6.62 mm2/s and 6.82 mm2/s, respectively) and density at 15 °C (904.8 kg/m3 and 904.3 kg/m3, respectively). These results showed that fatty acids (C6 to C16) may be used for biokerosene production. In the second stage, the physicalchemical characterization of the catalysts (AmberlystTM 15 and AmberlystTM BD20) was performed through the analysis of TG, FTIR and SEM/DES. The best operational conditions for the biokerosene production with methanol and ethanol were found using statistical software to the experimental design. The catalysts characterization could be identified a sulphonic acid (HO-SO2-), as the active site of AmberlystTM 15 and AmberlystTM BD20. The optimization of the reaction parameters results showed that AmberlystTM BD20 achieved conversions above 95.5% in biokerosene with metanol and using ethanol the conversions were above 90%. The biokerosene produced were analyzed and compared with data found in the literature and with fossil aviation kerosene (JET A-1). Binary blends of the biokerosene and the JET A-1 were made, characterizaded and compared with ASTM specification standards for commercial aviation fuel. The results obtained in this study showed that the biokerosene production process proposed was appropriate for the produce an aviation biofuel. The biokerosene presented similarity with data found in the literature and with commercial aviation fuel. Biokerosenes blended up to 30 (% w/w) with JET A-1 exhibit properties that fullfill the limits ofthe the ASTM D1655 specification for commercial aviation kerosene. Therefore, ester based biokerosene can be used as a partial substitute for standard aviation fossil fuel to minimize its consumption and reduce the environmental impacts.