Análise espacial do desenvolvimento humano educacional dos municípios do estado do Ceará nos anos 2000 e 2010

Abstract

The objective of this study is to identify the spatial patterns of human educational development (IDHM - Education) in the municipalities of the State of Ceará in the years 2000 and 2010, as well as to examine the existence of bivariate spatial dependence among the municipalities of Ceará, considering the variables Average expenditure per student and IDHM - Education. For this purpose, exploratory spatial data analysis techniques (AEDE) were used. Among the results obtained, we can highlight six: 1) in 2010, the municipalities of Ceará showed significant growth in the HDI - Education and Average Expenditure per Student, as well as these growths were generally performed in a more homogeneous way among the municipalities of each region planning, given the reduction of most coefficients of variation (CV) of the regions; 2) twenty municipalities presented positive spatial autocorrelation in the variable IDHM - Educação, in the two years analyzed: São Gonçalo do Amarante, Caucaia, Fortaleza, Maranguape, Maragapeu, Guaiuba, Pacatuba, Palhano, Aracati, Quixeré and Barbalha in the high-high category ; Nova Russas, Aiuaba, Saboeiro, Antonina do Norte, Salitre, Potengi, Araripe, Chaval and Martinópoles, in the low-low category; 3) the bivariate spatial analysis of Average Spending per Student with the HDI - Education showed a predominance of municipalities with low Average Spending per Student surrounded by municipalities with low HDI - Education values, both in 2000 and 2010, showing the regions that need of greater investments in the area of education; 4) in the bivariate spatial analysis, only 11 municipalities presented positive spatial autocorrelation in the two years, namely: Fortaleza, Maracanaú, Aracati, Jaguaruana and Palhano in the high-high category; Chaval, Martinópole, Tianguá, Nova Russas, Saboeiro and Salitre in the low-low category; 5) in both univariate and bivariate spatial analysis the municipalities of Fortaleza, Maracanaú, Aracati and Palhano were classified as high-high in the two years analyzed. On the other hand, the municipalities of Chaval, Martinópole, Nova Russas, Saboeiro and Salitre were classified as low-low in this same period, both in the univariate and bivariate spatial analysis; 6). In both univariate and bivariate spatial analysis, none of the municipalities in the Central Sertão region had a statistically significant result, so no spatial dependence was observed.