Construção e validação de cartilha educativa para orientação dos pais sobre asma na infância

Abstract

Asthma is a clinical condition in which the patient can be monitored on an outpatient basis and is therefore avoidable hospitalization. In this way, the orientation of patients and relatives is of paramount importance, avoiding the exacerbations of the disease. For this, the professionals can make use of educative technologies, of the primer type. The study had as objectives: To construct the educational booklet for parents' guidance on childhood asthma; Validate the educational primer "Do you know what is asthma? Let's meet ?! "for parents of children with childhood asthma; Evaluate the content and appearance of the booklet. It is a methodological research, carried out in the following stages: elaboration and submission of the project to the ethics committee; Integrative literature review; Interview with parents whose children have medical diagnosis of asthma to direct the content to be addressed; Validation of content and appearance with 13 specialists and evaluation with 7 parents of asthmatic children. Three instruments were used for the data collection. The first one focused on the interviews with the parents, the second on the validation of content by experts and the third on the evaluation by the target audience. The instruments for the stages of validation of the specialists and evaluation of the target audience corresponded to a Likert scale. For the content validity of the booklet, the Content Validity Index (CVI) was used, being considered a value of at least 80% of agreement between specialists. Regarding the results, the integrative review found 29 articles that addressed risk factors, symptomatology and care related to respiratory diseases / asthma. Regarding the interviews with the parents, the following thematic categories appeared: educational materials, preventive care, treatment, causes and symptomatology. According to the data obtained with the integrative review and interviews, the booklet was constructed and validated. The content evaluation by the specialists showed global IVC 0.97. The level of agreement of the categories evaluated varied from 84 to 100%, being: objectives (S-CVI / Ave: 0.84); Content and relevance (S-CVI / Ave: 0.98); Language, illustrations, layout, motivation and culture (S-CVI / Ave: 1). As far as the evaluation by the target public is concerned, this one presented satisfactory evaluation according to the answers obtained with the interviews. It is concluded that the booklet presents itself as a valid technology and can be used in health education processes for the guidance of parents in the care of children with asthma.