A demonstração de um principio moral fundamental na filosofia de Karl-Otto Apel

Abstract

The objective of this essay is to identify the fundamental moral principle in the philosophy of Karl-Otto Apel, so that, through a bibliographical research, having as main source the work Transformation of Philosophy, one starts from the following question: How does it demonstrate a fundamental moral principle in Apel's philosophy? With this questioning, we intend to understand the procedure of demonstration of a regulative-normative principle in the aforementioned philosopher. The following scenario will be followed: the present situation of mankind will be presented as an ethical requirement, given the societal context that has developed, marked by the confluence of modern technology, the ecological crisis and globalization, as well as on the one hand, a rational, universal and intersubjective ethics is necessary, and, on the other hand, the foundation of this ethic has never seemed so difficult and, finally, it will be discussed on the currents that the effort of such a foundation is impossible. Apel confronts this paradoxical context from a rethinking of Kant's transcendental grounding in the light of the philosophy of language in its most recent articulation. Thus, the itinerary of the demonstration of such a principle is a path that begins with the resumption of Kant's problematic on the transcendental conditions of possibility and validity of knowledge, passing through Heidegger, Gadamer, and Peirce to the a priori of the communication community and the foundations of ethics and within this framework of pragmatic-transcendental grounding the categorical imperative is no longer a "fact of reason" as Kant. The ethics of discourse understand that the peculiar model of philosophical justification, unlike the scientific procedure of empirical proof, is that it is transcendental reflection on the conditions of possibility and validity of valid argumentation. In summary, this paper will attempt to understand the apelian demonstration of a universally valid fundamental moral norm.