Capitalismo, socialismo e direito à liberdade sobre a questão da indissociabilidade dos direitos de cidadania

Abstract

The object of the present study is the question of civil rights, individual rights or, as the classical typology of Marshall (1968), the first generation rights, linking them to the theoretical, political and ideological debate about capitalism versus socialism. In the course of the entire twentieth century, under in the atmosphere of the famous Cold War, this debate was able to forge a common sense which admitted advances in responses to social issues promoted by the countries of the so called "real socialism", even surpassing great part of the capitalist world when the subject in question were social policies. Those countries, however, were questioned with regard to the guarantee, in the socialist state, of the individual rights of their populations, with accusations that those political regimes are inherently rapists as far as the so-called "human rights" were concerned. On the other hand, most capitalist nations, though admittedly deficient in dealing with social issues, were seen as naturally guarantors of individual liberties? Would socialism, by its very nature, violate civil rights? Likewise, there would be no freedom beyond capitalism?