Feuerbach: fundamentos para uma ética da sensibilidade

Abstract

This work intends to develop the elements presented in Feuerbach's thought which support the notion of "ethics of sensibility" as an opposition of the "rationalist ethics" such as, for instance, the Kantian ethics of duty. Despite the boundaries repeatedly identified by Marx of Feuerbach's philosophy regarding the irreconcilability between materialism and history - putting him in the field of idealism of human gender - , it is necessary to highlight the impact of Feuerbach in the path of contraposition to idealist mystification by stressing the dimension of corporeality and affection, even if them are to be considered in its naturality as inalienable and unavoidable elements of human behaviour, thus, criticizing a dry form of rationalism which intends to dichotomize reason and sensibility.The aim of our work is to identify the fundamentals of Feuerbach's sensualist philosophy which allow him to opt for a "anthropotheism", "the heart raised to understanding", which counterpose the separation between sensibility and understanding and the superposition of the latter over the former. Retrieving the meaning of senses and affections, the author intends to interpret the modern idealism as a theological derivation which has its peak on Hegel's philosophy.The affirmation of philosophy's starting point as being "what humans do not philosophize about", being it the sensibility, the finiteness or the affection, sets the stage over which Marx will develop, after indicating Feuerbach's limitations, the notion of social reality, including the elements that allow us to think about the moral acting in a materialist perspective.