Efeito do tratamento com antirretrovirais em pacientes portadores de HIV nos parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos

Abstract

The combined treatment of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome has the function of combating HIV replication in individuals who have developed AIDS, reestablishing immunocompetence, but can also cause harmful effects to the human body. The aim of this study was to verify the occurrence of hematological and biochemical alterations in patients with HIV / AIDS using antiretrovirals. The cross-sectional, observational, analytical study model was used. The sample consisted of 200 (two hundred) patients attended at a referral hospital in the Teresina-PI contagious diseases. This hospital has an agreement with the Central Laboratory of Piauí (LACEN-PI). The study participants were divided into 4 (four) groups, one control group of non-drug patients and three experimental groups using different combination treatments. Data collection was performed through a questionnaire, laboratory tests and a drug control system. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were applied to verify the normal distribution of the data. The Wilkis test was used to verify the distribution of changes in the exams between the groups, the Tukey test, the Wilkis test and the Mann-Whitney test to detect significant differences between the groups. For the indexes that do not have normal distribution the analysis was done through the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test. The level of minimum significance adopted for all tests will be 5% (p <0.05). The statistical program used was SPSS (version 13.0). The study was conducted according to the regulatory criteria specified in Resolution of the National Health Council 466/12. A sociodemographic profile was made up of people aged between 30 and 40 (37.8%), male (59%), single (50.8%), brown (46.2%) and teaching (22.1%). Group 01 was formed by patients who did not initiate antiretroviral therapy; Group 2 who used Zidovudine, Lamivudine and Efavirenz; Group 03 used Zidovudine, Lamivudine and combination of lopivanir and ritonavir; And Group 04 used other medications. The results showed significant differences in the biochemical profile of Group 2, the only group that does not have protease inhibitors and has no nucleosides, with a reduction in HDL. Groups 3 and 4 presented alterations only in non-normal distribution indices, such as triglycerides, VLDL and total bilirubin. It was concluded that the major alterations were in relation to the hematological profile, similar for the three experimental groups, with alterations (p <0.05) in the erythrocyte exams in millions / mL, vol. Glob. Average in u3, Hem. Glob. Average in uug and C.H. Glob. Mean in%, detecting a picture of microcytosis and hyperchromia.