A implementação da residência integrada em saúde com ênfase em saúde da família e comunidade em municípios cearenses: um estudo de caso

Abstract

The objective of this study is to analyze the implementation of the Integrated Residency in Health with Emphasis on Family and Community Health of the School of Public Health of Ceará, in seven municipalities where they began their activities starting in 2013: Aracati, Brejo Santo, Horizonte, Iguatu , Maracanaú, Quixadá and Tauá. The methodology used was the case study (YIN, 2015), which proposes the analysis of contemporary phenomena in the context in which they occur, using as data collection techniques the document review and half-structured and open interviews. The case of RIS-ESP/CE with emphasis on Family and Community Health is a revealing case, since although there are similar programs in the country, it has a differentiated design of decentralization for several municipalities in the interior, in addition to the management carried out through collaboration between agencies at the three levels of government (federal, state and municipal), with a greater scale and complexity in management. It is classified as a single integrated case study, since it presents two units of analysis within the same case: historical-structural analysis of RIS-ESP/CE with emphasis on Family and Community Health and analysis of the implementation process of RIS-ESP/CE with an emphasis on Family and Community Health. The study sample was intentional, having been selected to participate the various social actors involved in the emphasis of Family and Community Health. Seven (7) interviews were conducted with municipal health secretaries, 6 (six) with primary care coordinators, 5 (five) with articulators of residency in municipalities, 7 (seven) with CSF managers, 4 Teams received residents, 6 (six) with preceptors, 7 (seven) with residents and 2 (two) with the program's general and programmatic coordinators. For the theoretical basis, a review of the literature on Primary Health Care and Family Health Strategy (FHS), Permanent Health Education and Multiprofessional Health Residency was carried out. The data collection and analysis period began in July 2015, considering the availability of the subjects and the research is in compliance with resolution nº 466/12 of the National Health Council that provides for research on human beings and received a favorable opinion from the Research Ethics Committee of the UFC, under Opinion nº 1.121.574. We analyze all the material from the Bardin Content Analysis (2014), specifically applying the thematic analysis. We observed that the insertion of the residence in the health teams of the family of the municipalities investigated changed the work process of these teams, which had repercussions in the improvement of the care and attention to the health of the attached population, by means of the strengthening of the essential components of the FHS, such Such as: being a first contact service, longitudinal follow-up, integrality, community participation, accessibility, bonding, coordination of care and interprofessionality. The provision of professionals contributed to the mobilization of health services and to the reorganization of municipal systems, but the dynamics of education through the work triggered by RIS-ESP/CE's political-pedagogical actions in Family and Community Health also played a fundamental role . Examples include the initiation of community health diagnosis and mentor-led local planning, which helped prioritize health problems and develop intervention plans for teams. We also highlight the stimulus for innovation and concern for the resolubility of health care, promoted by RISESP/CE with emphasis on Family and Community Health, as contributions to the strengthening of the FHS in the territories in which the residence acted. The results of the research presented contributions related to Permanent Education in Health and Interprofessional Education, towards the strengthening and consolidation of the FHS and SUS. A challenge to be overcome in the internalization process of the residence is the insufficient infrastructure of the services. Among the limits of the present study we highlight: operational difficulties, as a consequence of the short time for the investigation, the large number of scenarios and actors involved and the distances between the participating municipalities. Through the research, we have explored the possibility of deepening studies on RIS-ESP/CE, emphasizing Family and Community Health in each municipality, since each context has peculiarities and can be more explored. We also perceive the need to conduct evaluative research on the program and this emphasis, to identify possible impacts on health indicators, training in the area and the implementation of public policies.