Fatores associados à prematuridade no município de Sobral, Ceará

Abstract

Prematurity is the leading cause of death in the first 24 hours of life, being a major concern for managers and health professionals around the world, and it constitutes one of the biggest challenges to reducing child mortality. Additionally, the preterm birth is associated with the after-effects that can be severe and painful, both for the baby and for the family, contributing significantly to increased neurological morbidity, pulmonary and ophthalmologic. Thus, knowledge about the complexity of the relationship between premature birth and its determinants is essential so that you can plan interventions that are effective to reduce prematurity and especially the death of newborn preterm. This study aims to identify the causes associated with prematurity in the city of Sobral. It is a study of case-control, documentary based on data from SINASC and Strategy Database "Trevo de Quatro Folhas" in Sobral. The cases were all premature infants residents in Sobral. Controls were randomly selected among non premature infants born in Sobral. There were 169 cases and 170 controls born between the months of August to December 2015. The upshot variable was the premature birth. The independent variables were divided into five blocks: Identification and socioeconomic characteristics; maternal reproductive history; mother's characteristics in pregnancy; prenatal care and complications; childbirth and newborn conditions. For univariate analysis was performed χ2 test (chisquare) and Fisher's exact test, considered significant association when the p value was less than 0.05. For the multivariate analysis was used logistic regression, the variables being selected whose p value was less than 0.20. The technique used was the model of hierarchical causal effect. The method of inputs variable was the stepwise forward, in which, in each stage, remained in the model variables with p <0.05. Univariate and multivariate analyzes were performed using SPSS version 20.0. The level of significance was 5%. The study followed Resolution 466/12 with a favorable opinion of the Ethics Committee of t he State University of Vale do Acaraú (No. 1.590.501). At the end of multivariate analysis remained as causes associated with prematurity in Sobral insufficient number of consultations in prenatal care (p = 0.01 OR 2.9) and hospitalization during pregnancy (p = 0.01, OR 3.0). The variable hospitalization during pregnancy expressed biological conditions, while the number of consultation reflects the social conditions of the women. This result was similar to that was observed in other Brazilian studies in dif ferent social contexts, despite the various socio-economic realities and the use of different variables.