Desenvolvimento de técnicas farmacêuticas para obtenção da droga vegetal a partir das folhas de erva-cidreira (Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E Brown) quimiotipo II.

Abstract

Lippia alba, which belongs to the Verbenaceae family, is found in practically all regions of Brazil. Its popular names are lemon balm, false-melissa, with soothing and anxiolytic action. There are three chemotypes in the Northeast. Chemotype I, rich in the myrcene and citral (general and geranial) monoterpenes; Chemotype II (limonene and citral) and chemotype III (limonene and carvone). L. alba, chemootype II, was selected by the State Phytotherapy Committee for use in the Living Pharmacies of the State of Ceará, being part of REPLAME. It has the same active chemical marker (citral) as the chemootype I and the species Melissa officinalis and Cymbopogon citratus, and it is necessary to determine the chemical analytical marker to differentiate these species for quality control purposes, according to RDC nº 26/2014. The objective of this work was to conduct a pharmaceutical study of the leaves of L. alba, chemotype II, with viability of techniques for preparation of the plant drug with monitoring of the active marker (citral) and identification of the analytical marker. For this, a phytochemical approach was performed, evidencing the presence of steroids, free phenols, flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins and condensed tannins, followed by the morphological and anatomical characterization of the leaves, presenting unicellular epidermis, paliçadic and lacunar parenchyma and oil secreting glandular trichomes Essential, with soft texture and citrus aroma. Subsequently, the preliminary tests were preceded, where the quality specifications were obtained, such as the determination of the loss by desiccation and the ash content. The chemical composition of the essential oil was evaluated by GC / MS during the period of May / 1988 to March / 2016, in which an increase in the oil content was observed, influenced by the number of cuts undergone, highlighting as major components, geranium and limonene . Then, the essential oil of the fresh and dried leaves, in the shade at room temperature, and in an oven at 40ºC, by coagulation and water vapor entrainment was analyzed by GC / MS. The 20% ethanolic extract and the essential oil were compared by CCD, evidencing spots with Rfs and similar behaviors. The 20% ethanolic extract was separated by CCA, isolated a substance by CEM and analyzed by 1H NMR, being called ECII of analytical chemical marker of L. alba species. The technique of steam trapping and desiccation of leaves at room temperature for 5 days proved to be the method of obtaining the essential oil with higher yield, more viable and lower cost.