Perfil dos ativos intangíveis de empresas industriais considerando o grau de intensidade tecnológica setorial

Abstract

In the last years, the subjects intangible assets and innovation have been the focus of several academic studies, national and international, taking into account that companies have made changes in their structure, especially the absorption of intangible assets, to generate maximum benefits from the innovation process, including signaling the degree of innovation of the company could be the result of the structure of intangible assets. The resources based view (RBV), theoretical basis that justifies this study, supports the assertion that as intangible assets and distinctive capabilities generate economic benefits and cannot be imitated by competitors, because of its attribute of singularity, they become source of sustainable competitiveness. From this perspective, this study has as primary purpose to describe the main profile of the intangible assets of industrial companies listed on BM&FBovespa, seeking to identify their similarities and differences resulting from the degree of sectorial technological intensity. To this end, it is considered that intangible assets of innovation influence as an essential source for maintaining competitive advantage and economic value in companies of more technologically intensive industrial sectors, and that, the elements inherent to the intangible assets relate to the development of innovation in enterprises. The three research hypothesis seeks to confirm if that’s statistically significant differences in the profile of intangible assets, in terms of categories and metric for measuring, of industrial companies resulting from their degree of sectorial technological intensity. This survey, classified as exploratory-descriptive, carried out by documental analysis, with qualitative and quantitative data approach, uses the technique of content analysis to analyze the financial statements of companies listed on BM&FBovespa that participates in the sectorial ranking of innovation, according Brazil Innovation Index (IBI) and statistical techniques of correlation analysis and variance analysis. The research population was selected among publicly traded industrial companies on the BM&FBovespa, a total of 174 companies, including 149 members of the sample that provided the necessary information for the years 2008 to 2010 in terms of achieving the goals purposed in the study. For the multivariate analysis was used the variables: investments in intangible assets, investments in intangible assets of innovation, degree of intangibility and Tobin’s Q, which values were collected in the financial statements of companies in the sample and the Economática® database. The survey revealed that the predominant categories of intangible assets are Goodwill, Software and Trademarks, regarding the frequency, and Goodwill, Use license, Exclusive contracts and Right of use/exploitation, regarding the investments, and that there’s a high representation of intangible in relation to tangible assets in innovative researched companies. Regarding the classification of intangible assets of Lev (2001), the assets of innovation are the predominant items. In relation to statistical analysis, the three established hypotheses were reject, i.e., it was found that variables related to the profile of intangible assets selected for the study (categories and metric for measuring intangible assets) are not correlated with the degree of sectorial technological intensity, contrary to the assumptions of the RBV.