Estudo de sensibilidade do biofilme de Burkholderia pseudomallei a antibióticos de uso clínico e farnesol

Abstract

The melioidosis is an emerging infectious disease, especially in northeastern Brazil, with serious international implications, as well as a public health problem. Caused by the bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei, this infection appears from tables asymptomatic to severe and often fatal frames. The high mortality rate of the disease (20-50%) make it a priority for global health agencies. In Brazil, cases of melioidosis were first reported in 2003 in Tejuçuoca municipality in Ceará. Since then, new cases of melioidosis were diagnosed in six other municipalities in Ceará. B. pseudomallei is intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics and recent studies have described cases of antimicrobial resistance used in the treatment of melioidosis. The investigation of the biofilm forming capacity of B. pseudomallei seems to be essential, since the biofilm allows the development of microcolonies within a protected environment, which relates to the environmental protection, adhesion, colonization, immune evasion and bonding the environmental cell. Therefore, the development of therapeutic alternatives antibiofilm, including new drugs is needed. Indeed, this study aimed to characterize the strains of B. pseudomallei of LAPERE collection as the biofilm production capacity and sensitivity in planktonic growth and biofilm. Selected drugs were ceftazidime (CAZ), doxycycline (DOX), imipenem (IPM), amoxicillin / clavulanate (AMC) and trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole (SXT); and farnesol (FNS). All strains were classified as biofilm producers, being divided into: hard (5 strains), moderate (3 strains), and low (1 strain). Mean values ​​of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum inhibitory concentration of biofilm (MBIC) and concentration minimum biofilm eradication in (MBEC) for these strains were determined for AMC (MIC 10.2 / 5.1 mg / L, 21 MBIC 3 / 10.6 mg / L and MBEC 27.6 / 13.8 mg / L) to CAZ (MIC 5.6 mg / L, MBIC 120.4 mg / L and MBEC 419.6 mg / L) to doxorubicin (MIC 0.28 mg / L, MBIC 1.3 mg / L and MBEC 3.8 mg / L) to IPM (MIC 0.597 mg / L, MBIC ≥ 256 mg / L and MBEC> 256 mg / G) to SXT (MIC 1.25 / 23.75 mg / L, MBIC ≤ 0.5 / 9.5 mg / L and MBEC <0.72 / 13.72 mg / L), and NSF (MIC and MBIC equal to 150 uM / L). The data obtained show especially for the inhibitory potential of three antibiotics studied - AMC, DOX and SXT and farnesol against strains of B. pseudomallei associated with biofilm. However, further studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms of action of these drugs on the biofilm, as well as the design of in vivo experiments to confirm the significance of these findings clinically. Moreover, the growth of these strains melanin formation conditions and biofilm showed that this combination makes them more resistant strains to the action of imipenem and farnesol.