Avaliação do risco para diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 entre adultos de Itapipoca-Ceará

Abstract

The type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disease of increasing importance in public health, since its incidence and prevalence have dauntingly advanced, and has been caused by a combination of genetic factors and lifestyle. In this view, public health indicates primary prevention to identify risk factors for T2DM and strategize in order to avoid exposure to risk by delaying or preventing the onset of the disease. The objective was to evaluate the risk for the development of T2DM among adults in Itapipoca town-Ceará. It is a quantitative research with cross-sectional observational study conducted from January to March 2010, with 419 users of Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) in Itapipoca town-Ceará, the participants aged between 20 and 59 years. To collect data we applied a form in which demographic and clinical data and Finnish Diabetes Risk Score were registered. The data were stored in Excel, and processed in the Statistical Package for Social Science 18.0. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Ceará, under protocol 346/09. Out of the 419 participating users, 88.1% were female and the average age was 37 years, 60.4% were married or had common law-marriage, 39.4% attended to part of primary school and 58.2% belonged to lower social classes. Regarding risk factors for T2DM, 25.3% were aged ≥ 45 years, 59.7% were overweight, 84% were classified as cardiovascular risk, 83.3% were sedentary, 53.7% reported not eating fruit and / or vegetables daily, 12.9% were taking anti-hypertensive, 5.3% reported a previous history of high glucose and 47% had family history of T2DM. As observed, 5.2% of the sample were classified as having hypertension, and only 0.7% with probable diabetes. As for the risk levels for T2DM, 24.6% were at low risk, 63% in moderate risk and 11.7% at high risk. Amongst participants with high risk, 12.0% were men, 30.2% were aged ≥ 45 years, 37.4% were overweight, 21.1% were at increased cardiovascular risk, 12.9% were sedentary; 14.7% did not eat fruit / vegetables daily, 31.5% took antihypertensive drugs, 81.8% reported a history of high glucose and 23.9% had family history of T2DM. This study opens doors for further intervention research in the town, in which individuals at high risk for T2DM would be accompanied by health professionals from the ESF and the Núcleos de Apoio à Saúde da Família. With the aim to reduce or delay the onset of the disease, the individuals would be given guidance as to changes in lifestyle and interventions on potential risk factors found.