Padrão de colonização micorrízica arbuscular em plantas de acerola, milho e feijão

Abstract

Improve technologies that seek to reduce the use of phosphate fertilizers is essential, considering that most Brazilian soils have low availability of phosphorus (P), ultimately limit the growth of plants and generating a high dependence of phosphate fertilizers. The use of microorganisms as the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) which are associated with the majority of plant species is now a viable alternative, mainly by beneficial effects of these fungi for plant growth such as increased absorption of nutrient, especially, P. Association between AMF and fruit or annual plants can enhance productivity of these species, in addition to reducing the consumption of phosphate fertilizers. So to evaluate the morphological pattern of colonization by AMF, two studies were conducted, the first in areas of family farmers who grow acerola and reside in Maranguape-Ce. The second study was conducted in a greenhouse and in Soil Microbiology Laboratory of the Department of Soil Science of the University Federal of Ceará, with cowpea plants and corn fertilized with increasing doses of P. In the first survey, Paris morphology, the presence of intracellular vesicles and hyphae was observed in all areas collected. With the extraction of soil AMF spores, the predominance of genres, Glomus sp. and Scutelospora sp, was found in the four areas where soil samples were collected. In research conducted in the greenhouse, it was observed that the growth of the cowpea and corn was favored by phosphorus fertilization to dose 150 mg P kg-1 soil and 120 mg P kg-1 soil, respectively. The mycorrhizal colonization was reduced by higher doses of P added to the soil and the morphology of mycorrhizal colonization intermediate was observed in both species, not occurring influence of phosphorus fertilization on their morphology. In addition, they identified up to fifteen morphotypes especeis AMF in the soil cultivated with cowpea or corn.