Estaquia e interenxertia em clones de cajazeira

Abstract

The cuttings and the grafting, in mombin-tree (Spondias mombin), can conducive the maintenance of selected clones, the production of early plants and of size small and the combination of desirable genotypes, as well the formation of seedlings in commercial scale, contributing, so, to the rational exploitation of this fruit tree. The assignment consisted of two experiments, one of cuttings and other double-working which had as objectives: to determine the influences of clones and cuttings treatment with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and of the combination of genotypes in multiple grafting on formation of seedlings of mombin-tree. The experiments were conducted in Experimental Field of Pacajus county, of Embrapa. The branches for formation of cuttings and grafts were obtained from clones of mombin-tree of one orchard with adult productive plants, cultivated in Limoeiro do Norte-CE. Both experiments were installed in completely randomized design. The of cuttings, in factorial arrangement 3 x 3, the factors being clones (Capuan, Ladeira Grande and Lagoa Redonda) and doses of IBA (0, 1000 and 2000 mg.L-1), with five replications and 16 cuttings per treatment. The double-worked was a factorial 4 x 2, the factors being: rootstocks (Spondias macrocarpa, S. mombin, S. tuberosa and S. venulosa) and interstocks (Genipabu and Ladeira Grande) with five replications and ten plants per plot. Used as clone-crown grafts of Lagoa Redonda. The interaction between the clone Capuan and the dose of 1000 mg.L-1 IBA promoting the highest percentage of sprouting cuttings and shoots per cuttings. It has been found that the emission of shoot cuttings occurs in the first seven weeks after planting. The cuttings of clone Capuan had higher survival capacity, emission of shoots and callus formation. There were significant differences between the rootstocks and the interstocks to the percentages of grafts success, number of leaves per plant and seedlings ready for planting. The highest grafting success, number of leaves per plant and seedlings ready to be planted were observed with the using the rootstock of S. mombin, that was higher than the other rootstocks. The interstock of clone Genipabu promoted better grafting success and, consequently, the larger number of leaves and seedlings ready for planting. The results confirm the difficulty of rooting and viability of double-working and interspecific grafting of mombin-tree.