Manejo da cultura do girassol submetida a diferentes níveis de irrigação, doses e formas de aplicação de nitrogênio e potássio.

Abstract

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of three doses of nitrogen and potassium applied by the conventional method and by fertigation and witness - without application of N or K. We also evaluated the effects of six irrigation levels based on the Penman-Monteith ETo (EToPM), so that we can define an appropriate management for sunflower crop, variety Catissol 01. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the Meteorological Station of the Federal University of Ceará, located at the Campus do Pici, in the city of Fortaleza, from March to July 2008 for the experiments of nitrogen and potassium fertilization, and from August to December 2007 for the irrigation blades’ experiment. The experimental design was of randomized blocks with seven treatments and four replications for nitrogen and potassium fertilization and six treatments and four replications for irrigation blades. The doses tested in the nitrogen experiment were 0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1 by conventional and fertigation method. In fertigation the nitrogen dosages were split into eight applications, the first of which was at sowing and the remaining were applied weekly. In conventional fertilization the dosages were split in two applications, being one third of the dose at planting and the other 2/3 at 30 days after germination. In the experiment with potassium the tested doses were 0, 25, 50 and 100 kg ha-1 and fertilized by conventional and fertigation methods. In fertigation dosages of potassium were split with 1/3 at planting and the remaining 2/3 split in five times during the crop cycle. In the conventional method potash fertilizer was all applied at planting. In the experiment of irrigation blades were tested blades with 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% EToPM. We analyzed the following variables in the experiments of nitrogen and potassium fertilization: yield, capitulum diameter and weight as well as 100 seed weight. In the experiment of irrigation blades, the following were analyzed: productivity, inflorescence capitulum diameter and weight. The application of nitrogen by conventional method and fertigation showed significant responses to capitulum diameter and weight. The highest yield (3429 kg ha-1) was obtained with conventional fertilization, with a great dose estimated at 80,97 kg ha-1 of N. Potassium fertilizer applied by conventional method and fertigated showed significant responses for all analyzed variables, being the highest yield (3.312,09 kg ha-1) achieved by the conventional method, with a dose estimated at 61,24 kg ha-1 of K2O. In the irrigation blades experiment, significant differences were obtained for the following variables: productivity and weight of the chapter, obtaining a maximum yield of 3.357,18 kg ha-1 with an irrigation blade estimated in 91,06 % EToPM