Micronúcleos e outras anomalias nucleares : um teste de predição para o câncer bucal

Abstract

Squamous cells carcinomas are responsible for more than 90% of all cancer in the mucosa membranes of the mouth and the principal risk factor responsible is tobacco use. Certainly industrialized tobacco contains a lot of carcinogens able to cause chromosome breakage. The Micronucleus Assay in exfoliated cells was used to detect this initial breakage. It is simple, practical, inexpensive and non invasive technique. The objective of this study is to establish a trial text to monitoring smokers with risk to develop oral carcinoma. Epithelial smears was examined following the criteria described by Tolbert et al. (1991), micronucleus, binucleation and the cells presenting degenerative phenomena, indicative of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity sush as karyorrhexis, karyolysis, pycnosis, condensed cromatin, buds, broken-eggs, and nuclear vacuoles were analyzed. An intra-individual comparison was realized in patients with cancer (periphery of malign lesion and opposite side of lesion) another comparison characterized as interidividual compared healthy people (control group) and patients with oral carcinomas. The study showed that the side opposite of lesion (LOL) is non health mucosa and karyorrhexis is the best biomarker in this side. The specificity and sensibility of nuclear alterations was analyzed using ROC curve. The results show that karyorrhexis is the better specificity (80%) and sensibility (80%) all of them. The association between the nuclear alterations and risk factors show a higher significant statistical for tobacco use (p<0,001). In this study micronucleus, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, binucleation and nuclear vacuoles are valid to predict oral carcinoma.