Produtividade, análises químico-bromatológicas e nutrição mineral de plantas de sorgo forrageiro irrigadas com águas salinas

Abstract

The use of saline water or inadequate management in irrigated fields can cause soil salt accumulation, which affect several plant physiological processes, mineral nutrition, and crops growth and yield. The dry matter yield, chemical composition, and mineral contents (K+, Cl-, K+, Ca+2 and P) of two sorghum genotypes, CSF 18 and CSF 20, irrigated with waters of different salt levels, 0.90 (well water), 2.60, 4.20 and 5.80 dS m-1, were evaluated. A completely randomized block design, in a factorial arrangement (2 x 4), with four replicates was adopted. The experiment was set up in the field, during the dry season, in spacing of 0.80 x 0.10 m. At 112 days after sowing, the plant height was measured and the plants were harvested to evaluate biomass production. Plants containing completely open panicles were harvested and those pre dried and triturated in mill type Wiley samples were used to perform bromatologic analysis. Soil samples were collected before and after the cultivation, and after the wet season. Saline water application provokes increase in soil salinity and soil sodicity, and the wet period was efficient to promote salt lixiviation, but it was not efficient to reduce sodium accumulation in the soil profile. Increase in salt levels in irrigation water reduced plant height and yield, especially in CSF 18 genotype, but it was not observed effect on toxic and essential nutrients contents in plant tissues. The highest level of salinity reduces crude protein contents in CSF 20 genotype. Salinity also causes linear decreases in protein yield in both genotypes and in soluble carbohydrates in CSF 18 genotype. On the other hand, effects of saline water on the neutral and acid detergent fiber levels were not observed. These results, both quantitative and qualitative, suggest a potential use of forage sorghum irrigated with water containing moderate levels of salts.