Resposta antioxidante de raízes de arroz deficientes em peroxidases de ascorbato do citosol aos estresses salino e osmótico

Abstract

Salt and osmotic stresses are responsible for significant losses in agriculture, particularly in semiarid regions. In such conditions, roots are the first plant organ in contact with the stress and are responsible for perception and signaling. In leaves, cytosolic ascorbate peroxidases (APX) are the main isoforms involved with antioxidative defence against H2O2 excess and signaling under stressful conditions. Nevertheless, such metabolic mechanisms in roots are still unknown. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that cytosolic APX isoforms are essential to antioxidant protection in rice roots exposed to salt and osmotic stresses. To test this hypothesis, rice mutants double silenced for cytosolic APXs (APX1/2) and non-transformed plants, both with 45 day-old, were submitted to two stressful treatments: (1) NaCl and mannitol in iso-osmotic concentrations (-0.62MPa) for eight days and (2) mannitol 268 mM (-0.62MPa) for two days. In mutant plants, OsAPX1 and OsAPX2 transcript amounts (RNAs) were reduced by 90% whereas both protein abundance measured by Western blotting were not detectable. Under control conditions, total APX activity was reduced by 66% in comparison with NT plants, showing that the silencing was effective in roots. In APX1/2 roots, H2O2 level was increased by 51% as a consequence of APX1/2 silencing. Both stresses affected similarly root and shoot growing compared with NT. Membrane damage was increased at the same level in both genotypes and in both stresses, showing that APX1/2 were as sensible as NT plants. In NT roots, OsAPX1 and OsAPX2 transcript amounts was slightly increased by NaCl and mannitol whereas only NaCl increased APX activity. Under salt stress, both genotypes increased other APX isoforms, especially OsAPX3, OsAPX5 and OsAPX8. These increases were correlated with the increased APX activity. In addition, other peroxidases (GPX and GPOD) displayed the same trend as APX, increasing their activity in response to NaCl. On the other hand, mannitol induced a prominent increase in catalase activity in NT plants, while in APX1/2 plants CAT activity did not changed. The H2O2 content was increased in both genotypes exposed to mannitol treatments, and was reduced for NaCl. TBARS level was not altered in the presence of both stresses for both genotypes. This study shows that rice plants exposed to salt or osmotic stresses display complex responses regarding to redox metabolism. Apparently, both cytosolic APXs are not essential to antioxidative protection, since mutant plants presented similar physiological performance to NT plants. The responses to both stresses, NaCl and mannitol, were contrasting for both genotypes, suggesting that different mechanisms of antioxidative protection were triggered for each different stress condition.