Análise da capacidade funcional de idosos com hanseníase através de três instrumentos

Abstract

Population aging is a phenomenon of great impact on economic policies and global health, challenging the maintenance of functionality, autonomy, independence and social participation of the elderly. Thus, diseases with disabling and chronic outcomes should be highlighted, such as leprosy. Aimed to analyze the functional capacity in elderly patients with leprosy according to the SALSA scale, Katz index and Lawton and Brody scale. Descriptive, cross-sectional study, developed with 77 elderly leprosy followed in Dermatology Center of Fortaleza, Ceará. Interview, consultation of medical records and measurement of weight, height and blood pressure was performed. The documents used in data collection were the interview form, Lawton and Brody Scale, the Katz Index and the SALSA Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed. The ethical aspects of Resolution 466/12 were respected at all stages of the study. The results revealed an average age of 68.23 (± 6.11) years, with most males (63.6%) in stable union/ married (66.2%), coming from Fortaleza (59.7 %), cohabiting with a spouse and son (53.2%), with average schooling of 4.14 (± 4.01) years and average monthly family income of 2.04 (± 1.71) minimum wages. The average blood glucose value was 108.14 mg / dL (± 49.39), with 64.9% older people with normal blood glucose, 28.6% with borderline blood pressure, and 48.1% with normal body mass index. The predominant clinical features related to leprosy were bacterial index positive (51.9%), borderline clinical form (51.9%), multibacillary treatment (68.8%), and no disability (59.7%). Participants had an average of 22.34 (± 4.77) points in the scale Lawton and Brody, prevailed independent classification (58.5%). The variables associated with the Lawton and Brody scale were, age (p = 0.012), with whom resides (p = 0.031), and education (p = 0.041). The average score for the Katz index was 1.03 (± 0.16) points, highlighting the full independence rating (87.0%). The variable monthly family income was the only one to be associated with the Katz index (p = 0.011). SALSA scale showed an average of 31.56 (± 11.67) points, with concentration of light limitation category (49.4%). Variables statistically associated with SALSA scale were condition of union (p = 0.044) and type of leprosy reaction (p = 0.041). SALSA scale was associated with both Lawton and Brody scale (p = 0.000), and with the Katz Index (p = 0.000). The variables that were more associated with the activities of the Lawton and Brody scale were age and who reside. Already in the Katz Index, only continence activity was associated with the disability (p = 0.003). The SALSA scale, the socio-demographic variables as age and sex showed a higher number of associations with the activities evaluated, seven and five respectively, while the clinical variables related to leprosy, only the disabilities were related to more than two activities. The functional capacity of the elderly with leprosy was preserved, however it should be noted that the SALSA scale was associated with age in many items, suggesting that this may be applied in the elderly population without leprosy.