Aplicação da teoria fuzzy em um modelo bidimensional de transporte de massa, para estudar o risco fuzzy em rios urbanos, sujeitos a lançamentos de agentes poluentes

Abstract

Mathematical modeling has become an important tool to quantify the water quality in various water systems. These formulations have become more frequent in the last 50 years with the advances in numerical methods and digital computers. Currently, as the water quality problems have become more critical, the research for more robust models, able to consider and quantify the uncertainties, inherent in the processes of pollutant transport and their relationship with the mechanisms of hydraulics and hydrology, has become more intense. In this context, the fuzzy theory emerges as a viable alternative to study the risk of failure of water systems subject to effluent discharges. This theory, combined with the Principle of Mass Transport, has allowed that risk fields could be determined and, thus, a better control over releases can be established. This research proposes a methodology, based on mathematical modeling of transport of pollutants, in natural rivers, where their main parameters are membership functions, defined according to the Fuzzy Theory. The research uses these concepts in solving the advection bi-dimensional Diffusion Equation, in its fuzzy way, to determine the behavior of the risk of failure and the reliability of rivers subject, for example, all kinds of releases. Thus, field of concentration, field of risk are determined, both from the spatial point of view, as the temporal point of view. The results showed that this formulation is becoming a consistent alternative in the assessment of impacts caused by the spreading of pollutants, giving to the managers of water resources subsidies to better decision making.