Nanobiocompósitos superparamagnéticos para aplicação como antenas ressoadoras dielétricas

Abstract

There is a growing global interest for the development of green technologies that allow the use of products with less damage to environment, as well as for maximum and sustainable use of natural resources. The main aim of this study was to develop superparamagnetic nanobiocomposites for application as dielectric resonator antennas. For this purpose, a biobased thermoset plastic was prepared by using cardanol as an alternative to petrochemical phenol. This thermoset plastic was used as a polymer matrix and biocomposites were prepared by using 15 wt% of untreated and modified sponge gourd fibers by chemical treatment (NaOH 5, 10, and 15 wt% and NaClO 1 wt%) as dispersed phase. For the nanobiocomposites preparation, besides the sponge gourd fibers insertion, the thermoset plastic were also impregnated with magnetite nanoparticles in different contents (1, 5, and 10 wt%). Techniques of Thermogravimetry (TG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Optical Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Mössbauer Spectroscopy, Tensile testing, Dielectric measurements, Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM) and Biodegradation in simulated soil were performed for characterization. The results showed that alkaline treatment improved the thermal stability and the crystallinity index of the sponge gourd fiber. The crosslinking agent used (Diethylenetriamine) was efficient and enabled complete cure for all materials. The biocomposites reinforced by treated fiber showed better thermal stability, superior performance in Tensile testing and greater biodegradation rates, when compared to the biocomposite reinforced by raw fiber. The magnetite particles exhibited nanometric size, high purity and crystallinity, and superparamagnetic character. All nanobiocomposites showed superparamagnetic behavior, excellent thermal stability, good biodegradation rates, and better mechanical strength for the material with magnetite 10 wt%. All dielectric resonators antennas exhibited satisfactory return loss and suitability for commercial and technological applications, especially for performance in broadband.