Incorporação de óleo essencial de manjericão em filmes biodegradáveis à base de galactomanana e óleo de canola

Abstract

Biodegradable Packaging are used in foods as films or coatings formed by plant macromolecules such as animal, ensuring barrier properties and can serve as a carrier for antimicrobial compounds. The cell wall polysaccharides reservation, especially hemicelluloses as galactomannans, have been used widely as biodegradable polymer matrices films. The objective of this study was to evaluate the Basil essential oil (BEO) (Ocimum basilicum) incorporation in biodegradable films based on endospermic galactomannan Delonix regia seeds and canola oil (CO) (Brassica napus L.). The galactomannan (Gal) was isolated by aqueous extraction, followed by ethanol precipitation. The yield was 12.0% with high purity presented by low nitrogen content expressed protein (0.67%). The Gal showed an average intrinsic viscosity of 3.79 dL/g and molecular weight estimated in 1,04x106 g/mol. Infrared spectra by Fourier transform (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 1H and 13C were similar to those found in the literature for other galactomannans. The fatty acid composition of CO by gas chromatography (GC-FID) showed oleic acid (62.07%), linoleic (18.91%) and heneicosanóico (6.61%) content. The major components of BEO determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were camphor (14.85%) and 1.8-cineole (3.48%). The films were formulated with galactomannan 1% (w/v), glycerol 0.5% (w/v) and CO at different concentrations, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75% (w/v). The films were obtained by the solvent evaporation method (casting) and characterized as the moisture content, thickness, water vapor permeability (WVP), color and opacity. The CO promoted increase of WPV and reduced moisture content when compared to the film based only in galactomannan but no significant difference between concentrations. BEO was tested against the bacterial strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella choleraesuis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans yeast by broth microdilution and showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging between 2.5 and 5.0 mg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) between 5.0 and 20.0 mg/ml. BEO was incorporated into film formulation with CO 0.5% (w/v) in different concentrations (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mg/ml). The antimicrobial films were obtained by casting and disks of 1 cm in diameter were excised and tested by the agar diffusion method and a contact zone and inhibition halos analyzed. S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa were sensitive to film containing BEO 5.0 mg/ml showed halos of 14, 15 and 16.3 mm, respectively. K. pneumoniae was inhibited only in the contact zone of the film, while S. choleraesuis and C. albicans were resistant to all formulations. However, the OC promoted changes in physical and barrier properties of the films of with galactomannan. BEO when incorporated into the film showed a moderate antimicrobial activity for potential application as bioactive packaging.