Turismo e urbanização: gestão de impactos no litoral de Aquiraz-CE.

Abstract

The present study retakes the conflicts generated by touristic activities before the lack of instruments of urban and environmental control which, to a large extent, brings about a large number of impacts occasioned by a chaotic occupancy of seashore areas. Comprising two distinct parts, the study starts out from a theoretical approach towards reinterpreting the environmental problem of both Brazilian and ‘Cearense’ coastal areas, to contextualize the evolution of touristic planning in Brazil in general and, more specifically, in Ceará, attempting to understand why tourism is considered to be the most serious cause of impact, both in extension and intensity, by thinking over the importance of the management of environmental and urban subsystems. The second phase of the research, as an empirical investigation, has the scope of analysing the urban transformations along Aquiraz seacoast, focusing its first plane on the site known as Porto das Dunas, because it represents a new image of tourism in the State of Ceará, as well as its model of current touristic development, in an effort to understand the origination process as well as the process of the use of the occupied spaces, aiming at teasing out from such an exercise, the information capable of contributing to the handling of the impacts generated by tourism. For that reason, we started out from the concept of creation and use of space developed by RODRIGUES (1998,1999), in an attempt to identify the social agents responsible for spatial transformations, by detecting their perception, their behavior and the instruments used in the materialization dynamics of the novel space of urban-touristic seacoast. As the tool of the analysis, we used the methodological procedures of environmental perception based on the studies and research of FERRARA (1988, 1999, 2000, 2002), by using analytical material, the information gathered from users by means of verbal language obtained from semi-structured interviews, as well as from non-verbal language perceived through interpretive friction of selective samples of images obtained from photographs. Thus we identified critical points capable of suggesting new actions for the management and control connected with juridical instruments and political instances related to environmental and urban laws, proposing, in the end, a reflection on the model of developement adopted, comparing it with another used by IBAMA at the extractive reserve of Batoque, analysing also new investments at other seacost sites within the county and their future impacts.