Aplicação de proteases fúngicas na obtenção de hidrolisado de soro de queijo coalho atomizado

Abstract

Worldwide milk production is growing at a average rate of 2% per year. This increased amount of milk has been related to the production of larger volumes of cheese, casein, caseinate and other milk products, resulting in increased volume of whey. It represents about 85-95% of milk volume and retains about 55% of its nutrients, however, its high power pollutant led environmental bodies and other regulatory authorities to prohibit the discharge of whey into the environment untreated. From studies about whey components and with the discovery of technological and nutritional properties the status of polluter waste changed, then, nowadays, whey is considered a co-product of cheese production. One processes that promote improvement of whey properties is protein hydrolysis, characterized by the disruption of bonds of molecules protein chains releasing different sizes peptides and free amino acids. The hydrolytic treatment can be done by acids, bases or enzymes, however, enzymatic hydrolysis show many advantages in relation to chemical processes, as specificity, control of hydrolysis degree, the moderated conditions of the process and minimal formation of residual products. The objective of this study was to promote whey protein hydrolysis through the action of proteases synthesized by Aspergillus oryzae IV and spray drying this product. We evaluated the effect of temperature and time of incubation, enzyme: substrate ratio (E: S), and subsequently the pH. The parameters which have enabled higher degree of hydrolysis were determined. The temperature range studied was incubated between 30 and 50 ° C, the ratio E: S ranged in the proportions of 0,5:100 3,0:100. The best condition of hydrolysis (DH = 70%) was obtained at 50 ° C for 12 hours, employing the ratio E: S 2,0:100. An electrophoretic analysis was performed to obtain the hydrolysis influence on the peptide profile, in which confirmed the need to study the hydrolysis at different pH values. Thus, the whey pH was adjusted between 4.0 and 8.0. The hydrolyzed sample was concentrated to a solids content between 14 and 28 Brix before the atomization process. There was no significant difference regarding yield, moisture and water activity between the spray dried samples. Through the eletrophoretic analysis, from gels stained with silver solution, was possible to verify the action of proteases on proteins of different molecular weights with exception β-lactoglobulin.