Determinações do grau de qualidade do emprego: um ensaio em modelo de painel dinâmico

Abstract

This essay deals with questions concerning the level of quality of employment in Brazil in recent years, especially rural employment. The beginning of this research, there is the perception concerning changes in production relations in the field and their impacts on labor relations. Theoretical studies point to a process of approximation of the urban and rural spheres, from the point of view of production and labor relations, which gives it an urbanization beyond the limits of cities. So, if applicable, in this study, a specific methodology to capture possible determinants of quality of employment. Moreover, we propose an index that is believed to be able to give an idea of the level of quality of labor markets discussed here. Then applies a set of four equations for panel data to identify possible determinants of the quality score of the proposed job. The IQE in this research showed a profound heterogeneity in labor relations is in economic activities is in the studied areas. In general, agricultural workers face poor working conditions than their non-agricultural respond to it. Still on asymmetry in the labor market can register the differences between urban and rural employment. The rural universe remains a more precarious environment when compared to urban areas, although the differences come decreasing with time. Thus, as regards the response of the quality of occupations in relation to economic growth, it is observed that agricultural employment responds inversely to growth in agriculture, due to be in this industry, where the worst quality levels employment and positively to the growth of non-agricultural activities where hiring forms are less precarious. In the case of non-agricultural employment, economic growth apparently has not had major impacts on the quality of non-agricultural employment. Thus, economic growth, in this case, only extends to new workers hired the same forms of existing contracts without changing the average level of quality of employment in the labor market as a whole. The survey also showed that the growth of labor income and the average educational level of workers is an important tool not only in the expansion of the levels of job quality, but also coping strategy of "dilemmas" of the surveyed markets, such as the observed heterogeneity among the groups surveyed.